The first cinematic cyborg was probably The Colossus of New York (1958).  Like Professor Jameson, this involved a man who dies and has his brain involuntarily installed in a robot body.  In this case, it is done by his father to preserve his son's apparently indispensable genius. 

 

Our cyborg hero seems to adjust to his condition relatively well, but it turns out that being a disembodied brain means being without a soul and hence makes poor judgments.  The Colossus soon decides to help the world solve its nagging little problems by toddling over to the United Nations building and mowing down innocent bystanders with his death rays.